An Investigation into the effect of Temperature on the release of Betalain from Beetroot Tissue Essay Example

An Investigation into the effect of  Temperature on the release of  Betalain from Beetroot Tissue Essay The aim of this investigation is to see what if any affect temperature has on the release of Betalain from beetroot tissue. To carry out this investigation I am going to need the following equipment and materials. Apparatus Electric water bath This will be needed to keep the water temperature consistent throughout the experiment at the various required temperatures. Thermometer This will be used to check that the water bath is heating accurately at the required temperatures throughout the investigation. We will write a custom essay sample on An Investigation into the effect of  Temperature on the release of  Betalain from Beetroot Tissue specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on An Investigation into the effect of  Temperature on the release of  Betalain from Beetroot Tissue specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on An Investigation into the effect of  Temperature on the release of  Betalain from Beetroot Tissue specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Colorimeter This is what will measure the affect that the heat has on the membrane by measuring how much light passes through the solution. These are the apparatus that will be used to heat and record the data but in order to use these other apparatus must be used too; Test tubes Syringe (to accurately measure the fluid amounts) Cork borer (to shape the beetroot equally) Curettes Measuring cylinder Scalpel Materials Beetroot Distilled Water Method Cut out three pieces of beetroot about 2cms long using a cork borer. Place the cylinders of beetroot on a tile or board and using the scapulae cut into discs 5mm thick. Label 3 test tubes, A B C for each of the temperatures to be tested. The temperatures required are 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½c Put 10cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of distilled water in each test tube Place the three test tubes for the required temperature in the water bath and heat to the required temp if needed Check the required temp has been reached using the thermometer to measure both the water bath and the test tubes temps Place the three pieces of beetroot in the three test tubes and leave for two minuets After the time is over remove the test tubes from the water bath and using the syringe which should be clean, extract 5cl from each solution to fill up a curette for each which should also be labelled, check no pieces of beetroot are in the curette Set the Colorimeter to 0 % transmission with water Make quantitative measurements using the colorimeter and record for each Repeat method for each of the temperatures Variables INPUT Temperatures, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 80 CONTROL Beetroot size/shape, beetroot type (use same beetroot), pH amount of the water, temperature consistency, time in waterbath OUTPUT Rate of diffusion measured using colorimeter to measure concentration of dye (Betalain) in solution Explanation My input variable will be the temperature. This will be held at constant temperatures by the water bath and the temperatures changed consistently. The water temperature needs to be held consistently while the diffusing is taking place so that the rate isnt affected and it is a fair test. My control variables will be controlled in the following ways. The size/shape of the beetroot will be controlled by the cork borer and by measuring its length. This has to be done and it is important that it is done accurately because the volume to surface area needs to be the same. This is needed so the rate of diffusion is the same for each piece of beetroot before the temperature is changed. Beetroot type will be the same because I intend to use the same Beetroot unless I run out! The Beetroot will be left covered while not being used and the only pieces to be cut from it will be the ones for the temperature, which will be measured next. This will prevent any of the beetroot drying up as if the membranes dry up they will release less Betalain. It will also prevent any individual differences between the beetroots affecting the results. Distilled water will be used so as to keep the pH of the water the same. The pH needs to be consistent because it will affect the rate of diffusion, for instance a high acidic pH would denature the proteins in the membranes and completely compromise the results. The temperatures will be kept constant by the water bath as explained in the input. Output Data will be recorded by the rate of diffusion. This will be the rate at which the Betalain will have diffused from the beetroot to the solution over the given amount of time. This will be measured by the transmission of the water as read by the colorimeter. This will give an accurate reading of how great the concentration of the dye in the water will be. This can be used to work out the rate of diffusion by dividing the transmission % of the solution by the time given for the diffusion to take place. % / Time = Rate of Diffusion This is assuming the pigment release is constant Equipment Details Colorimeter, device used to compare or measure colours and their intensities. A simple colorimeter uses an optical system to place an unknown colour, such as of a chemical sample, next to a well-established colour. In more advanced devices this comparison field can be adjusted in various quantifiable ways. In some, photoelectric cells may be used to measure the transmitted light. Colorimeters are used in chemical research and in various industries, such as the manufacture of dye and paint. The Colorimeter is the best way to measure the diffusion rate with the equipment, which we have available to us. There are not many other alternatives and using eye site to measure colour would be very in accurate. The Colorimeter is very accurate providing it is set first for water having 100% transmission. It is a reliable piece of equipment, which is well suited to this investigation. Electric Water Bath, heats water to a required temperature and then maintains this temperature for as long as required. This is the best piece of equipment to use to get reliable, constant temperatures throughout the investigation. It can heat to exactly the required temperature and hold it whist the beetroot is placed in the test tubes. This would not be possible with a Bunsen Burner. The Thermometer will be used to check the reliability of the water bath. The syringe will be used to get an accurate amount of distilled water in the test tubes and then will be used to distract the solution afterwards without beetroot and placing it in a curette. The cork borer will be used to shape the beetroot consistently as explained in the method and variables. The scapulae will be used to cut the shaped beetroot into the right size and the curettes are what the colorimeter uses to read the transmission of the solution. Method Details I am going to use the following temperature ranges to collect my data; 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 ; 80à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C. I have decided to use these to give me a valid and reliable set of results to analyse and draw graphs and conclusions from. I intend to start at 20à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C because this is the normal temperature of Beetroot and will give me a good basis to work from. Not only will this give me readings for the investigation at normal temperatures but with the equipment available to me it is the lowest temperature I am willing to go to. Going lower would mean having to use ice, which I dont intend to use as it would be very hard to keep constant and may impeded the results. I that two minuets should be sufficient for the diffusion to take place as Beetroot releases a large amount of betalain under normal conditions when cut. I feel that once in heated water or even in water at room temperature within two minuets enough betalain should have diffused for relevant data to be collected. I am also worried that if the Beetroot is left to long the rate of diffusion will slow and that the time taken to reach this point will decrease as the temperature increases. This would not help as my formula for working out the rate of diffusion, (transmission / time) is dependent on the pigment release being constant. I feel that allowing only two minuets for the diffusion will avoid this happening. The data collected will be taken from the solutions after the two minuets is up. The syringe, which should be clean so as not to affect the solution, will be used to extract 5cl from the solution. This will then be put into a curette, and its transmission measured by the colorimeter. No bits of Beetroot should be in the solution as this could show up on the readings. The transmissions will be recorded in a results table. These will be recorded as percentages as that is how the colorimeter reads them. They then need to be recorded as their rate of diffusion using the formulae. Each of the three rates for each temperature need then to be added up and given as an average. This is done to avoid anomalous results. if there are any outstanding anomalies then they should be removed before the averages are worked out. After the averages have been recorded graphs can be drawn up and then analysed for correlation or anomalous results. Scientific theories can then be used to explain the results and then conclude the investigation. Changes in Method There were some problems whilst collecting the results which may have an affect on the findings from them. Firstly was with the temperatures of the water baths which we heated the beetroot in; these were less reliable than I had hopped as far as keeping the water at a consistent temperature. They could not hold the water at exactly 35à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, 45à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, 55à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ or 65à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C etc so temperatures were recorded from around the right temperature, and that temperature recorded with them. I would also have liked the water baths to be as consistent as possible but Im not sure they were as once they reached the required temperature they turned off. This may mean that the temperatures varied slightly over the five minuet period the beetroot was left to diffuse, however I still feel that the temperatures recorded are varied enough and close enough to the original aims to still be used to analyse and solve the problem. The Colorimeters readings may also have an affect on the results. This is because they did not always read consistently. This could be because of smudges on either on the curettes or on the lens or perhaps due to the particles moving around in the solution. I feel, however that the data collected has been accurate enough and varied enough to analyse and solve the problem fairly. I also found that two minuets did not prove a sufficient amount of time for the diffusion to take place, and so I extended the time to 10 minuets. This is because I found that I had underestimated the rate of diffusion from the beetroot and that after just 2 minuets not very much dye had diffused at all and comparisons would be small. By leaving the Beetroot longer it allowed more Betalain to diffuse and a wider range of results to work with. Analysis of original Results The original set of results look quite promising. I have used the colorimeter to obtain data for; absorption, transmission and the rate of reaction. The absorption and transmission are readings given by the colorimeter and can be used to work out each other. The formula to use to work out the transmission from the absorption is to take the absorption from 100 to get a percentage for the transmission of the colorimeter reading. And this is the formula I have used in my results table (100-a) which was created using Microsoft Excel. The next figure in the table is the Rate of Diffusion per Minuet, which is the figure I intend to use to analyse my findings with. This is worked out by dividing the absorption by 5, (a/5) the amount of minuets the beetroot was left for (this is presuming the diffusion rate was consistent). This then relates directly back to the problem which asked how temperature affected the rate of diffusion of betalain from beetroot to water over a given amount of time. I have recorded all three of these in the table for each of the temperatures implemented and for all five repetitions I have then added them and divided by five to give an average. I have also included the size of the beetroot in mm (length multiplied by diameter), the weight of the beetroot in grams, the volume of water from the test tube and the time in minuets. These are all control variables but I have included them in the table so all relevant stats are visible and they can be shown as consistent. There are however some anomalous looking results, I have highlighted these results red but have not removed them yet. I will draw up a graph first and analyse the results further before deciding if these results are having to much of an effect on the averages to be included in the findings. Analysis The graph has used the rate of diffusion per minuet results from the results table. The calculation for this is the absorption rate divided by five; the amount of minuets the beetroot was left for. This gives you the amount a figure for the amount of diffusion taking place every minuet presuming the diffusion is consistent. The graph shows a clear positive correlation for greater heat, greater release of Betalain. This would be because the hotter the Betalain gets the more energy its molecules will get and the more motion they will make and the more will diffuse through the membrane of the beetroot and into the water. However there is a large range in the error bars on most of the results and some overlap. I feel this could be because of the results I highlighted in the table I am therefore going to redo the table without these anomalies and see if I can improve the quality of the graph and findings. Edited Results Temp (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C) Figure Repeat 1 Repeat 2 Repeat 3 Repeat 4 Repeat 5 Average 25 Rate %minà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 3.2 2.2 3.8 3.2 3.2 3.12 35 Rate %minà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 4.2 4.4 4 4.6 4.4 4.32 45 Rate %minà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 4.6 5.2 5 6.4 6 5.44 55 Rate %minà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 10.8 13 11.2 10 12.4 11.48 65 Rate %minà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 14 14.2 14.6 15.4 15 14.64 I have removed the anomalies and used the average of the other four readings for that temperature to fit the Excel formula. This has given me more consistent results and should help to get a better correlation on the graph for my final readings. I have also removed the Absorption and Transmission readings from the table to make it more condensed and easier to read and evaluate. I decided that in this table only the essential figures should be kept in, the ones that I will be using to create my final graph with. Therefore I have gotten rid of the size, weight, water volume and time as these are all consistent and do not need to be present on the graph. Analysis Removing the main anomalies from the results has made the graph look more accurate and more relevant. There are smaller error bars and the results are in a better correlation. The only Results not closely corallined are those for 55à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C but because these results were so varied that picking out anomalies would not work here. The line on the graph is more of a steeper gradient and would form an S shape if I were to draw a line of best fit on it. Conclusion and Background Information I can now conclude that the relationship between heat and diffusion on a beetroots membrane is that the greater the heat, the greater the rate of diffusion. This is as I expected and of no great surprise. The main reason for this would be because the greater the heat, the greater the energy the Betalain molecules would have and the more motion they would have. This would lead to more diffusing in a shorter amount of time. The cell membranes main function is to serve as a boundary between the cell and its environment. It is just like other organelles in the cell in that it serves the cell by having its own specialised jobs. In terms of beetroot the Betalain is contained within the cell membrane, if this membrane is broken or disrupted the pigment will be released. Temperature may be the cause of the disruption. High temperatures could distort the active site of the carrier, channel of gated proteins, therefore affecting the shape of the fluid mosaic model membrane which may release the betalian or other molecules held inside the beetroot. Temperature can also affect the rate at which the diffusion takes place by giving the particles more energy. I feel that this is more likely to be what caused the higher rate of diffusion rather than the disruption which was caused by cutting the beetroot up. This has been shown on the graph and in the results and I can now conclude that the higher the temperature of the water and Beetroot the higher the rate of diffusion will be over the semi permeable membrane. Evaluation The Problem has been solved and even though there were anomalies and some of the equipment was perhaps not as accurate as would have been preferred the experiment has been a success and there can be no doubt of the effect on heat on the rate of diffusion of Betalain between the membrane of a beetroot and water. There were limitations with the amount of equipment we could use and on methods we used as we only had the schools supply of equipment and only two lessons in which to collect data. The first of which and perhaps the most important of which was the water bathes. Water Bathes These were supposed to keep a level and consistent temperature throughout the duration of the experiment. This however they did not do, they did not reach the required temperatures very well and there gages often read differently to the thermometers used to back them up. Also once the required temperature or at least what the water bathes considered as the required temperature was reached, the water bathes shut themselves off. There would then be no heat or buffer to keep the temperature constant. Whilst this is a much more effective and accurate way of reaching the temperatures and conducting the experiment than using Bunsen burners or any of the other equipment the school could have provided, it was a bit disappointing that it couldnt hold its temperature. The poor precision of the water bathes could have had an effect on the data recorded. The experiments were supposed to be conducted at 25, 35, 45, 55 and 65à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C but the real temperatures were from around these temperatures. This could have led to variation in the in the in the data collected as some of the error bars were quite large, for instance the changing temperatures could mean that once you returned to repeat the experiment the water bath would be at a different temperature to when you first recorded the results. Another factor affecting the difference in results could the position in the water bathe, if two different thermometers (the water bathes thermostat and the separate thermometer) are reading different temperatures then maybe the temperature isnt consistent throughout the water bathe at the same time. If one test tube was placed directly above the heater and another away from it they would have different temperatures leading to a deviance in the results. This lack of reliability may have had an effect on the conclusions as well as the results. On the first graph the error bars were clearly to large and needed editing to remove the anomalies and redo a more consistent line. The figures used for the graphs were suppose to be for the rate of reaction and to work this out the diffusion should have been constant, but if the temperatures werent constant then its probable that the diffusion wasnt either. This could not be helped though and differences although there were some anomalies were fairly consistent and showed enough reliability to be analysed, concluded and explained using Biological Knowledge.

Inside a Foster Childs Head Professor Ramos Blog

Inside a Foster Childs Head Why does it seem that foster kids have behavioral problems? It seems as if they may not come with them, but later develop them. I’m a member of a family that has opened our home to numerous foster children, and this matters to me because people need to be aware for the benefit of the children.  They need to know that there are some disadvantages with behavioral problems and we need to know how to handle such things. This is important because not everybody knows what to do or how to properly treat children with behavioral problems. They may have already had them, or they may have come later on while in the foster system, but foster children with behavioral problems are very common. ‘Trauma can be caused by any number of things, some of which reach back even to the child’s time in the womb: a very difficult birth or a mother being physically abused when she is pregnant. If a mother smokes, drinks alcohol or takes drugs when pregnant this is also likely to have a deleterious effect on her unborn child and can result in anything from poor birth weight to brain injury† (Thomas and Philpot 25).  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Children who are placed into foster care are often at high risk for problematic outcomes. First, they have often experienced a range of adverse conditions prior to placement, including neglect, abuse, and exposure to domestic violence† (Kohl, Edleson, English, Barth, 2005) 768. Dozier et al stated Children who have moved from foster home to foster home, or from foster home to birth home experience an unstable foundation (768). A child’s sense of identity, development, trust in others, ability to manage behavior can be affected by tra uma and can cause different types of behavioral problems. Even adults may be affected by trauma with the same severity as children, a child’s vulnerability can cause them to be affected by trauma in a much more far-reaching way because, since they are still developing physically and emotionally, their general social and individual functioning may well be seriously impaired (Thomas and Philpot 26). â€Å"Children entering foster care have high rates of emotional, behavioral, developmental, and physical health problems and are in need of many specialized services† (Taussig et al 1). Studies have shown that children reunited with their birth parents have a higher chance at developing behavioral problems. â€Å"Results. Compared with youth who were not reunified, reunified youth showed more self-destructive behavior (0.15 vs 20.11), substance use (0.16 vs 20.11), and total risk behavior problem standardized scores (0.12 vs 20.09). Reunified youth were more likely to have received a ticket or have been arrested (49.2% vs 30.2%), to have dropped out of school (20.6% vs 9.4%), and to have received lower grades (6.5 vs 7.4). Reunified youth reported more current problems in internalizing behaviors (56.6 vs 53.0), and total behavior problems (59.5 vs 55.7), and lower total competence (41.1 vs 45.0).† â€Å"3 studies have found better outcomes for children who were not re unified including gains in intelligence scores, greater overall well-being, and less criminal recidivism than children who were reunified with their families of origin.† (Taussig et al 1). Children who have been abused are also very likely to have a confused view of family relationships (Rose and Philpot 2005), as well as an ever-changing group of people in their lives (Thomas and Philpot 27). My little brother who we adopted at the age of nine and is now 18 still struggles with this. He feels he must switch up girlfriends to get a new love or switch up friends monthly. Even after all that he will completely isolate himself and not talk to anybody, because now he can’t trust anybody. â€Å"Events like this on top of trauma can lead children to feel that they have no control over their lives. Attempted solutions to this problem can have disastrous consequences, for example, by their becoming suicidal or, at very least, self-harming and self-abusing; by, for instance, taking drugs, or engaging in promiscuous and potentially harmful sexual relationships. The child may develop serious anti-social behavior to defend her against feelings of vulnerability, but these o ften only exacerbate her difficulties.  A state of helplessness may also be reverted to. Children may avoid intimacy, feeling that they need to be in control, and acting in ways that deter relationships and closeness with others. They can experience flashbacks, hyperactivity, and dissociation. (This term is what Hunter (2001) calls ‘an internal psychological state which we assume is present when a usual or expected involvement of emotion is absent’ (p.98).) These, in turn, can affect their education and lead them to be diagnosed with various behavioral disorders† (Thomas and Philpot 26). Four major effects of trauma are: a persistent state of fear, disordered memory, avoiding intimacy, and dysregulation of affect.   For these reasons many children are either placed on medication to â€Å"help† the child ease the pain or rid it all, or they are sent to therapy to try and open up their wounds to help heal them. I have conducted two separate interviews one on a teen male who has been adopted, and one on an adult female who has been through the foster care system to give some insight on their experience. How long were you in foster care? I was in foster care for 5 years. What was your experience like? It was not the greatest. I moved around a lot, and I was placed in homes that were not conducive to my well-being. The last home in which I lived only wanted me for financial gain. I refused to move because I wanted to graduate from 1 high school. Do you believe children in the foster system have behavioral problems? Why or why not ? I believe some children have behavioral problems that are exacerbated once they are placed in foster care, and others develop behavioral problems while in foster care. It is exhausting, painful, and takes a toll mentally, emotionally, and physically. Do you think they develop these behavior disorder before going into the foster care system, during or after? Why? I t hink it all depends on the situation, the child, and the way the child was removed. It also has to do with resilience, and how the child can process such information. What are some reasons you believe children may or may not have behavioral problems? As mentioned prior, resilience has a lot to do with the start or cause of behavioral problems; also, attachment plays a major role in how the child views the foster parent as helping and not hurting. If the child sees that the foster parent is not a threat, there may be some reconciliation for appropriate emotionality and decreased behavioral issues/problems. Another factor to consider is the number of homes in where a child is placed. After moving into many homes, self-worth and identity is questioned, and thus causes problems with behavior, which incentivizes behavior problems, causing the child moving once again into a new foster home. It becomes and is a very nasty cycle. A rule of thumb is to remember that â€Å"bad† behavio r is a cry for help. Do you feel therapy or medicine can make it better or worse? Can you grow out of it? I believe that children should not be medicated, however negative their behavior is displayed. Medication has side effects, and it has to be counteracted with other medication. Unless it is of a medical concern, children should not be medicated. What do you believe is the best way to deal with a child with behavioral problems? Therapy, either play or psychoanalytical, is one of the best ways to combat behavioral problems. Empathy can release anger within a child and having a real connection can be helpful. I also think physical involvement can help as well. When a child is busy-playing a sport, karate, taekwondo, I know it makes a tremendous difference. What did you struggle with and how did you handle it? Or how would you have like to be treated to help you? I was angry because of not having family. I also had issues of abandonment and rejection; being placed in so many homes m ade it worse. It all changed when I got a new social worker who understood my pain and wanted to genuinely help me. She saw the scared, broken, rejected girl I was behind the hard exterior and she worked hard to show me I was loved and important. She advocated to get me off medication. I knew she cared, and because of that, I wanted to be the girl she saw. She changed my life in ways word could never describe. In your opinion is there any way to help children with behavioral disorders? Have empathy, let them express their trauma, give them a safe space. See them past their angry exterior and understand that their behavior is a cry for help, however they express it. I know it gets better, but they need help seeing it. This interview was conducted with Flowers, Tanisha on October 3rd, 2018. The second interview was conducted with Moses Lindo on October 6th, 2018, I asked the same questions to see how similar or different their answers were. Lindo was in the foster care system for three years before he became adopted. His experience was extremely scary even though being so young he was the oldest of five and he had to make sure his younger siblings were okay in their new environment before he could consider himself alright. Lindo stated he believes children in the system may have behavioral problems because they don’t want to be in the foster care system and don’t know how else to act but lash out. He also stated that he believes the children who had behavioral disorders before they entered the foster care system may have been removed for that reason, because the parents did not know how to be able to deal with their own children. Children develop behavioral disorder by they way he/she was raised or the different struggles they face in life but don’t know how to deal with them. Therapy does not help all Lindo says it depends on the person and the trauma they have went through. It definitely takes time and patience, but therapy did not work for me.   The main thing I was struggling with was not knowing why I was not with my real parents, that they were not apart of my life because of the bad choices they decided to do. Another was seeing my brothers going through scary times because of all the people they kept on having to meet going through the foster system. A way I thought I could handle it was just knowing we will get better and I tried to be happy to make my brothers happy. Lindo concluded with a way we can help children with special needs is just show them love and always try to make them smile, to be there for them every day. And never forget to show them right from wrong. Each child who enter the system will have completely different outlooks on their experience, not one will be the same. All children rather blood or not need love and affection. This essay will benefit families who are looking into fostering kids as well as the foster kids themselves. This will allow them to learn from it and help the children to adapt to it, and possibly avoid it. Foster children are amazing, and they bring an excellent eye opener to your life they allow you to look at things differently, but do not assume that it is as easy as saying hello to a stranger. There are many things you will gain from this and to be able to help the children benefit to accept what is going to take place in their life is the challenge and you must be willing to face the difficult days that may come such as behavioral disorders. It is ultimately a cry for help, look for the many different signs and find the best aid for your child. Not foster child but child because when they come into your home you must treat them as your own to make it a great experience for you and them. Annotated Bibliography   Dozier, Mary et al. â€Å"Developing Evidence of a Randomized Clinical Trial with Infants and Toddlers.†   Journal of Social Issues, vol. 62, no. 4, Dec. 2006, pp. 767-785. http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0sid=d034471c-a3e9-4ef6-a774-cebb90325e81%40sessionmgr4008bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9hAN=22853072                                                                                                                                                                                                This article talks about the risk for problematic children who are put in the foster care system. Scholarly. I will use this source to show reasons why children may develop behavioral problems. Flowers, Tanisha Personal Interview October 3, 2018 Lindo, Moses Personal Interview October 6, 2018 Taussig et al. â€Å"Children Who Return Home From Foster Care: A 6-Year Prospective Study of Behavioral Health Outcomes in Adolescence† July 2001, VOLUME 108 / ISSUE 1 ELECTRONIC ARTICLE pp 1-9 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/108/1/e10.full In this article they speak about the behavioral levels in children who have returned back to their birth parents opposed to those still in the foster care system. Scholarly source. I will be using this source to bring awareness to the behavioral change in the foster care home and out of the foster care home. Taylor, Chris. â€Å"A Practical Guide to Caring for Children and Teenagers with Attachment Difficulties† London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. 2010 pp 54-111 http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=16sid=9916ea12-08ed-45c4-a7fc-b5861314df32%40sdc-v-sessmgr05bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=e000xnaAN=339488          This article states the different types of trauma a child may face while in foster care or before entering foster care. It shows different ways to communicate to help break those barriers. Scholarly source. I will use this source to help identify different ways to cope with trauma in children. Thomas, Mike. Philpot, Terry. â€Å"Fostering a Childs Recovery: Family Placement for Traumatized Children.† London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. 2009, pp. 25-56 http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=6sid=9916ea12-08ed-45c4-a7fc-b5861314df32%40sdc-v-sessmgr05bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=e000xnaAN=278616         This article goes into detail about children and their history to let us know what may be factors to cause trauma.   Also, it will show us the loss that affects children. Scholarly source. I will be using this source to show more about the children background to help determine behavioral problems.